Wiring & diagram Info: pulse

Showing posts with label pulse. Show all posts

Monday, November 17, 2014

Pulse generator circuit with Logic Gate

Pulse generator circuit above is a pulse generator that uses logic gates. There are so many types and variations that can generate a series of pulses.

The simplest is the use of transistors or often called a flip-flop. There also are using integrated circuit such as IC 555. Theres more to exploit the resonance of the capacitor and inductor relationship as oscillators. To be sure whatever form and whatever the circuit components used must be able to generate electric waves which have a peak voltage (logic 1) and valleys (logic 0) is continuous.

Any variation of pulse generator circuit design has advantages and disadvantages of each, just how your decision for the appropriate circuit. For example to create a clock signal for a simple utility that you can only take advantage of the transistor but if you need a more accurate clock signal and form a perfect balance you can use IC Astable or logic gates. Or perhaps you need a signal with very high frequency (up to MHz) you can use a combination of inductor, resistor and capacitor.

Frequency value of the pulse generator circuit gate above is determined by the value kapaitor C2, R2, R3 and VR2. The greater the value of these components will lower the frequency and vice versa. Actually nothing is difficult to make a series of pulse generators, almost all time-based series is utilizing the nature of the charge and discharge capacitor. Therefore, like any form of variations in pulse generator circuit, always have a larger capacitor value will make the frequency produced smaller or longer periods of time, sedangkaan smaller capacitor values will result in greater output frequency.

Monday, September 8, 2014

Inverter 5000W with PWM Pulse Width Modulator

Inverter 5000W with PWM

This inverter uses PWM (Pulse Width Modulator) with type IC SG3524. IC serves as a oscillator 50Hz, as a regulator of the desired output voltage. Input power ranging from 250W up to 5000W output and has. Following a series INVERTER 5000W with PWM (Pulse Width Modulator).

Schematic Inverter 5000W with PWM (Pulse Width Modulator)

Layout PCB Inverter 5000W with PWM (Pulse Width Modulator)

below is the output power settings that can be issued by this inverter:
DC voltage and Transformer "T2" winding recommendation:
Winding Power Supply
12VDC 750W P: 24V "12-0-12" / S: 220V
1500W 24VDC P: 48V "24-0-24" / S: 220V
2250w 36VDC P: 72V "36-0-36" / S: 220V
3000w 48VDC P: 96V "48-0-48" / S: 220V
3750w 60VDC P: 120V "60-0-60" / S: 220V
4500w 72VDC P: 144V "72-0-72" / S: 220V
5250w 84VDC P: 168V "84-0-84" / S: 220V

Transformer used is the transformer CT
R1 serves to regulate the voltage to 220v inverter
R2 serves to regulate the inverter output frequency of 50 or 60 Hz (as appropriate)

Saturday, September 6, 2014

Pulse Charger for Reviving Tired Lead Acid Batteries

If you own a motorcycle, a motor home, a caravan, a lawn mover, a day cruiser or maybe a vintage car you must at some point had to write off a lead acid battery. When a battery is improperly charged or allowed to self-discharge as occurs during non-use, sulphate crystals build up on the batterys plates. The sulphate preventing the battery from being fully charged and therefore it is unable to deliver its full capacity. When trying to charge a battery in this state it only gets hot and looses water, the gravity of the electrolyte is not increasing to its normal вЂњfull chargeвЂќ state. The only thing you do is killing the battery completely. If a battery has a resting voltage of at least 1.8 Volts/cell and no cells are shorted, desulphation of its plates can be done. This schema is an add-on and part for a modification of a normal charger and it takes care of the sulphate problem. Pulse Charger for Reviving Tired Lead Acid Batteries Circuit diagram: CAUTION: Before you begin a project like this remember: mains voltage is dangerous so if you are not 100% sure of what youвЂ™re doing consult a friend who has the skills or, donвЂ™t do it at all ! The project: get hold of an old charger, big or small itвЂ™s your choice depending on the size of batteries you normally handle (bigger is better). There are some tricks to boost the performance if you need it. Start by ripping out everything except the transformer and the rectifier. Some older chargers are equipped with fin rectifiers, which have high voltage drop and must be replaced. Replace with a rugged bridge rectifier that can cope with the amperes. All wiring on secondary should be short and heavy wire. The rectifier should be bolted to the chassis to keep cool. If the charger have a high/low switch itвЂ™s a bonus, if not you can in some cases add a few turns of wire on the secondary winding. The schema; a 14-stage ripple counter and oscillator IC 4060 produce a pulse, which is the heartbeat of the schema. The pulse is feed to the 555 timer that deicide the length of the active output. With the switch you can select long or short pulse output. The output of the 555 timer triggers the zero-cross optoisolator triac driver MOC 3041 via a transistor. This gives the charger transformer a soft start via the triac and the snubber schema. A small power supply is necessary for the schema and consists of T1 a transformer 15V 0.1A secondary, a bridge rectifier, a regulator and two caps. Because this project include a charger that is (X) the outcome can differ in performance from one case to another. However this do not mean that your project doesnвЂ™t work, but the efficiency can vary. Some notes the snubbercap is a high voltage AC type (X) and the resistors on the mains side is at least 0.5W type. Use a triac that can take 400V+ and 10A+, I use BTA 25.600 but this is overkill in most cases. No PCB sorry! How it works: Well the short version. The object is to get the cell voltage high enough for the sulphate to dissolve without boiling or melting the battery. This is achieved by applying higher voltage for shorter periods and let the battery rest for a while. The pulses on short range is about 0.5s on / 3s off and the long pulse range is 1.4s on / 2s off. These times can vary depending on component tolerances. Start on long pulse and if you discover вЂњboilingвЂќ (more than with normal charging) in the electrolyte switch to short puls. DonвЂ™t leave the process unattended, at least until you know how your specific version of this project turns out. I built ver.1 of this schema some 10 years ago and have experimented with it but IвЂ™m sure someone can improve it further.

Good Luck! Ante
Ante135@hotmail.com