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Friday, September 12, 2014

Build a Circuit indication for RF Output Transmitters On Air

This is an On Air indicator, ie an indicator schema dr RF transmission, very simple and useful for those who like RF. This schema detects the RF output using a visual indicator, but with some modifications, the LED may be replaced by a relay or any other system that want to trigger when the transmitter is switched on. The output of the transmitter or other RF generator must be connected to this RF input schema.

Simple Circuit indication for RF Output Transmitters

List of components

Resistor R1 560Ω eighth
Capacitor C1 330pF disc
C2 Capacitor 0.1μF disc
Diode D1 1N34 or 1N60
D2 LED
Transistor Q1 2N3904 or equivalent

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Saturday, September 6, 2014

Pulse Charger for Reviving Tired Lead Acid Batteries

If you own a motorcycle, a motor home, a caravan, a lawn mover, a day cruiser or maybe a vintage car you must at some point had to write off a lead acid battery. When a battery is improperly charged or allowed to self-discharge as occurs during non-use, sulphate crystals build up on the batterys plates. The sulphate preventing the battery from being fully charged and therefore it is unable to deliver its full capacity. When trying to charge a battery in this state it only gets hot and looses water, the gravity of the electrolyte is not increasing to its normal вЂњfull chargeвЂќ state. The only thing you do is killing the battery completely. If a battery has a resting voltage of at least 1.8 Volts/cell and no cells are shorted, desulphation of its plates can be done. This schema is an add-on and part for a modification of a normal charger and it takes care of the sulphate problem. Pulse Charger for Reviving Tired Lead Acid Batteries Circuit diagram: CAUTION: Before you begin a project like this remember: mains voltage is dangerous so if you are not 100% sure of what youвЂ™re doing consult a friend who has the skills or, donвЂ™t do it at all ! The project: get hold of an old charger, big or small itвЂ™s your choice depending on the size of batteries you normally handle (bigger is better). There are some tricks to boost the performance if you need it. Start by ripping out everything except the transformer and the rectifier. Some older chargers are equipped with fin rectifiers, which have high voltage drop and must be replaced. Replace with a rugged bridge rectifier that can cope with the amperes. All wiring on secondary should be short and heavy wire. The rectifier should be bolted to the chassis to keep cool. If the charger have a high/low switch itвЂ™s a bonus, if not you can in some cases add a few turns of wire on the secondary winding. The schema; a 14-stage ripple counter and oscillator IC 4060 produce a pulse, which is the heartbeat of the schema. The pulse is feed to the 555 timer that deicide the length of the active output. With the switch you can select long or short pulse output. The output of the 555 timer triggers the zero-cross optoisolator triac driver MOC 3041 via a transistor. This gives the charger transformer a soft start via the triac and the snubber schema. A small power supply is necessary for the schema and consists of T1 a transformer 15V 0.1A secondary, a bridge rectifier, a regulator and two caps. Because this project include a charger that is (X) the outcome can differ in performance from one case to another. However this do not mean that your project doesnвЂ™t work, but the efficiency can vary. Some notes the snubbercap is a high voltage AC type (X) and the resistors on the mains side is at least 0.5W type. Use a triac that can take 400V+ and 10A+, I use BTA 25.600 but this is overkill in most cases. No PCB sorry! How it works: Well the short version. The object is to get the cell voltage high enough for the sulphate to dissolve without boiling or melting the battery. This is achieved by applying higher voltage for shorter periods and let the battery rest for a while. The pulses on short range is about 0.5s on / 3s off and the long pulse range is 1.4s on / 2s off. These times can vary depending on component tolerances. Start on long pulse and if you discover вЂњboilingвЂќ (more than with normal charging) in the electrolyte switch to short puls. DonвЂ™t leave the process unattended, at least until you know how your specific version of this project turns out. I built ver.1 of this schema some 10 years ago and have experimented with it but IвЂ™m sure someone can improve it further.

Good Luck! Ante
Ante135@hotmail.com

Saturday, August 30, 2014

Bipolar Power supply for Battery Instruments Circuits Wiring diagram

Bipolar Power supply for Battery Instruments Circuits Diagram. To generate regulated Â± 5-V supplies from a pair of dry batteries, the schema of Fig. 1 is commonly used. In order to give protection from inadvertent reverse connection of a battery, a diode in series with each battery would produce an unacceptable voltage drop. The more effective approach is to fit diodes Dl and D2 as shown in Fig. 2, in parallel with each battery.

When the supply is switched off, there is the risk of a reverse bias being applied across the regulators, if there is significant inductance or capacitance in the load schema.Diodes across the regulators prevent damage. When the power supply is switched on, the two switches do not act in unison. There is a probability that one or the other regulators will be latched hard off by the other. To prevent this, D3 and D4 are Zener diodes so that Â± 5-V rails are pulled up by the batteries until the regulators establish the correct levels.

Bipolar Power supply for Battery Instruments Circuits Diagram

Crossover For Subwoofer Wiring diagram Schematic

The crossover network is intended for use when an existing audio installation is to be extended by the addition of a subwoofer. Often, this additional loudspeaker is one that has been lying around for some time. If its frequency response extends down far enough, all is well and good, but a filter is then needed to cut off any frequencies above, say, 150 Hz. Often, a subwoofer network is an active filter, but here this would necessitate an additional power supply. The present network is a passive one, designed so that the speaker signal of the existing system can be used as the input signal.

Crossover Circuit Diagram For Subwoofer

Since the bass information is present in both (stereo) loudspeakers, the signal for the sub woofer can simply be tapped from one of them. The network is a 1st order low-pass filter with variable input (P1) and presettable cut-off frequency (P2). The signal from the loudspeaker is applied to terminal ‘LSP’. Voltage divider R1-R2-P1 is designed for use with the output signal of an average output amplifier of around d 50 W. The crossover frequency of the network may be varied between 50 Hz and 160 Hz with P2. The values of R3, P2, and C1, are calculated on the assumption that the subwoofer amplifier to be connected to K1 has a standard input resistance of 47 kΩ.

If this figure is lower, the value of C1 will need to be increased slightly. It is advisable to open the volume of the subwoofer amplifier fully and adjust the sound level with P1. This ensures that the input of the subwoofer amplifier cannot be overloaded or damaged. Make sure that the ground of the loudspeaker signal line is linked to the ground of the subwoofer amplifier. If phase reversal is required, this is best done by reversing the wires to the subwoofer. If notwithstanding the above additional protection is desired at the input of the subwoofer amplifier, this is best effected by ‘overload protection ’ elsewhere in this site.

Source by : Streampowers

Monday, August 18, 2014

Delayed switch for Bedroom lamp

Here I have introduce a new schema through this you can switch off your bed room lamp with some delay.so I suppose this may be so useful schema for you.and also after attaching a relay for this schema you can use this as a delay schema.This gives 15 second delay

Parts:

C1 330nF 400V Polyester Capacitor

C2 100µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor

C3,C5 10nF 63V Polyester or Ceramic Capacitors

C4 10µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor

R1 470R 1/2W Resistor

R2 100K 1/4W Resistor

R3 1M5 1/4W Resistor

R4 1K 1/4W Resistor

D1,D2 1N4007 1000V 1A Diodes

D3 BZX79C10 10V 500mW Zener Diode

D4 TIC206M 600V 4A TRIAC

Q1 BC557 45V 100mA PNP Transistor

IC1 7555 or TS555CN CMos Timer IC

SW1 SPST Mains suited Switch

Note

# The delay time can be changed, changing R3 and/or C4 values.
Taking C4=10µF, R3 increases timing with approx. 100K per second ratio. I.e. R3=1M Time=10 seconds, R3=1M8 Time=18 seconds. Do test and see it.

Friday, August 8, 2014

Voltage Tester for Model Batteries

With a suitable load, the terminal voltage of a NiCd or lithium-ion battery is proportional to the amount of stored energy. This relationship, which is linear over a wide range, can be used to build a simple battery capacity meter.

Voltage Tester for Model Batteries Circuit Image

This model battery tester has two functions: it provides a load for the battery, and at the same time it measures the terminal voltage. In addition, both functions can be switched on or off via a model remote-control receiver, to avoid draining the battery when it is not necessary to make a measurement. The load network, which consists of a BC517 Darlington transistor (T2) and load resistor R11 (15 Ω /5 W), is readily evident. When the load is active, the base of T1 lies practically at ground level. Consequently, T1 conducts and allows one of the LEDs to be illuminated.

Circuit Diagram :
Voltage Tester for Model Batteries-Circuit Diagram

Voltage Tester for Model Batteries Circuit Diagram

The thoroughly familiar voltmeter schema, which is based on the LM3914 LED driver, determines which LED is lit. The values of R6 and R7 depend on the type and number of cells in the battery. The objective here is not to measure the entire voltage range from 0 V, but rather to display the portion of the range between the fully charged voltage and the fully discharged voltage. Since a total of ten LEDs are used, the display is very precise. For a NiCd battery with four cells, the scale runs from 4.8 V to 5.5 V when R6 = R7 = 2 kΩ. The measurement scale for a lithium-ion battery with two cells ranges from 7.2 V to 8.0 V if R6 = 2 kΩ and R7 = 1 kΩ.

For remote-control operation, both jumpers should be placed in the upper position (between pin 1 and the middle pin). In this configuration, either a positive or negative signal edge will start the measurement process. A positive edge triggers IC1a, whose output goes High and triggers IC1b. A negative edge has no effect on IC1a, but it triggers IC1b directly. In any case, the load will be activated for the duration of the pulse from monostable IC1b. Use P12 to set the pulse width of IC1a to an adequate value, taking care that it is shorter than the pulse width of IC1b.

If the voltage tester is fitted into a remote-controlled model, you can replace the jumpers with simple wire bridges. However, if you want to use it for other purposes, such as measuring the amount of charge left in a video camera battery, it is recommended to connect double-throw push-button switches in place of JP1 and JP2. The normally closed contact corresponds to the upper jumper position,while the normally open contact corresponds to the lower position.

Parts :

Resistors:
R1,R2 = 47kΩ
R3 = 100kΩ
R4 = 500kΩ
R5 = 1kΩ
R6,R7 = see text (1% resistors!)
R8 = 1kΩ5
R9 = 1kΩ2
R10 = 330Ω
R11 = 15Ω 5W
R12 = 15kΩ
P1 = 100kΩ preset
Capacitors:
C1 = 10nF
C2 = 100nF
Semiconductors:
D1-D10 = LED, red, high effi-ciency
T1 = BC557
T2 = BC517
IC1 = 74HC123
IC2 = LM3914AN
Miscellaneous:
PC1,PC2,PC3 = solder pin
JP1,JP2 = jumper or pushbutton

PCB Layout :
B. PCB Laout

Voltage Tester for Model Batteries PCB Layout